Summit County Chapter, Ohio Genealogical Society
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1.  
There are various types of deeds for property. The most common are the warranty deed which transfers property with assurance of good title and the quitclaim deed which transfers one person’s interest in the property without guarantee of good title.
[Located in Category: Land]
2.  
The first census was taken in 1790; there are no censuses before 1790. Before 1790, use Tax Lists and other local lists that might have been compiled.
[Located in Category: Census (US)]
3.  
Be sure to look at both the "Grantor Index", an index to those selling the land and the "Grantee Index", an index to those buying the land
[Located in Category: Land]
4.  
The census is taken every 10 years on a designated census day. The 1890 population census was destroyed. Census information is confidential for 72 years after the census is taken.
[Located in Category: Census (US)]
5.  
Begin with the latest census available and work backwards.
[Located in Category: Census (US)]
6.  
The census places an ancestor is a specific place at a specific time.
[Located in Category: Census (US)]
7.  
When reviewing census records, be sure to look at the page before and after the family you are researching. Other family members may have lived close by.
[Located in Category: Census (US)]
8.  
Don’t assume that all children listed belong to the couple listed. This may be a second marriage for either spouse and the children may be a combination of his, hers and theirs.
[Located in Category: Census (US)]
9.  
When the head of the household (parent) is no longer listed, don’t assume that he or she has died. It is possible that the parent is now living with one of the children.
[Located in Category: Census (US)]
10.  
Expect spelling and age variations.
[Located in Category: Census (US)]
11.  
In addition to the population census, there are a number of special censuses: Slave, Agriculture, Industry & Manufacturing, Mortality, Social Statistics, Union Veteran and Widow, Defective, Dependent and Delinquent. Not all of the Special Census counts were taken every 10 years.
[Located in Category: Census (US)]
12.  
Soundex is a system of coding names for the census based on sound rather than alphabetical spelling. A variation called American Soundex was used in the 1930s for a retrospective analysis of the US censuses from 1890 through 1920.
[Located in Category: Census (US)]
13.  
Vital Records include birth, marriage, divorce and death records.
[Located in Category: Vital Records]
14.  
Information contained in vital records is more reliable when it is given near the time of the event. Example: Birth information on a death certificate for a person who was 83 years old is less reliable than the death information. The longer the time from the event occurrence, the less accurate it may be based on the memory of the person involved.
[Located in Category: Vital Records]
15.  
Birth Records can be difficult to obtain because they can be used for so many purposes. You may be required to provide proof of relationship and proof of the person's death.
[Located in Category: Vital Records]
16.  
Death Certificates were not widely required before 1910. Some places may have kept ledger books for earlier deaths.
[Located in Category: Vital Records]
17.  
There were no well-kept regulations for recording marriages and many early marriages are not recorded. Marriage Records may include Bonds, Banns, Application for Marriage completed by the bride and groom-to-be and Returns. Some early marriages may only be recorded in church records.
[Located in Category: Vital Records]
18.  
Probate records vary in content but can include wills, inventories, letters of administration and guardianship. Records are usually found at the county courthouse, but they may have been transferred to an Archive.
[Located in Category: Probate Records]
19.  
The relationship of the heirs to the deceased may be or may not be given in the will. Don't assume that the wife mentioned is the mother of all the children. Not all children may be mentioned in the will. Deceased children or those who have already received their inheritence were often excluded from the will.
[Located in Category: Probate Records]
20.  
A person who died "intestate" means that they died without a will.
[Located in Category: Probate Records]
21.  
Naturalization is the process of becoming a citizen. It is a two step process and takes about five years. The Declaration of Intent or 1st papers can be filed after two years of residency. Naturalization and the Oath of Allegiance are taken after an additional three years of residency.
[Located in Category: Naturalization]
22.  
Genealogy is the search for our ancestors. Family history is the study of the lives they led. Using the information from each area provides us with a true picture of our family.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
23.  
The study of genealogy will enable you to learn about your family and your place in that family, to leave a legacy for your children and grandchildren
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
24.  
Meaningful genealogy requires thought and more importantly, focus. Develop a plan Why am I doing genealogy? Set goals for what you plan to accomplish in a reasonable time period i.e. go back four generations, go back to the immigrant ancestor, do only my fathers male line, etc.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
25.  
Each generation doubles the number of ancestors. It is easy to get lost if you don't plan ahead to reach your goal. Focus on one or two families so you do not become overwhelmed.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
26.  
Organize from the beginning in a system that suits your needs, but in which you can quickly and easily find information when you need it. If your system doesn't work, change it.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
27.  
Make a list of all living relatives when you start your genealogy research.Inter view each of them. Be prepared with a list of questions. Use a tape recorder for the answers or take very good notes. Respect the person's privacy, but do not delay; relatives have a nasty habit of dying before being interviewed.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
28.  
When writing to a relative or other researcher for information, make specific requests. However, ask open ended questions. Offer to share your information.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
29.  
A person who dies "intestate" dies without a valid will.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
30.  
There is genealogy beyond the internet! While the internet is one, very convenient, tool, it is not the only tool. Check out online library catalogs, then visit the library to access the book or request an interlibrary loan.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
31.  
By the time you have collected data on a couple hundred of your relatives, you will realize that genealogy software would make keeping track of relationships within your tree, filing data about individuals, and generating reports much easier.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
32.  
Allowing approximately 28 years per generation provides reasonably accurate estimates
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
33.  
The Family Group Sheet identifies a couple and their children. Everyone with a spouse or child has two group sheets a one as a child with parents and usually one as a parent with children
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
34.  
The Pedigree Chart is a map from you to your ancestors. Begin with yourself. Females always use their maiden names.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
35.  
Broadly, most surnames fall into four categories. Surnames derived from given names include Johnson, Williams, and Thompson. Most often they are patronymic, referring to a male ancestor, but occasionally they are matronymic. Occupational surnames refer to the occupation of the bearer. Examples include Smith, Clark, and Wright. Locational or topographic surnames are derived from the place that the bearer lived. Examples include Hill, Woods, and Ford. See place names. Surnames derived from nicknames include White, Young, and Long.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
36.  
When it comes to spelling variations, be creative. Often clerks and government officials were unable to correctly record the names given them by unschooled immigrants not familiar with languages used in their port of entry. The surname was written down as the official heard it and the immigrant accepted that as the official American rendering of his name.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
37.  
A time line begins with your ancestor's birth and is filled in with various events in his life. Continue to fill this in as information becomes available to provide a picture of your ancestor's life. Several of the genealogy software programs assist you with this.
[Located in Category: Beginner Tips]
38.  
STATE LAND STATES are states that owned and distributed their lands. These states include the original 13 colonies, Kentucky, Maine, Tennessee, Vermont and West Virginia, Hawaii and Texas. These states use the "metes and bounds" system to survey the land.
[Located in Category: Land]
39.  
FEDERAL LAND STATES were created from the public domain, land the United States bought or acquired. The land was surveyed according to the rectangular survey system (Ranges, Townships and Sections).
[Located in Category: Land]
40.  
Many other legal documents could appear in deed books. These include Bills of Sale, Prenuptial Agreements, Powers of Attorney, Contracts, Affidavits and Wills and Inventories.
[Located in Category: Land]
41.  
An ancestor may have filed a Declaration of Intent and never completed the Naturalization process.
[Located in Category: Naturalization]
42.  
An "executor" is named by the testator (the person who wrote the will) and is required by the court to post a bond. An "administrator" is appointed by the court to handle the affairs of someone who died intestate (without a will).
[Located in Category: Probate Records]
43.  
Church records may include births, baptisms/christenings, marriages, deaths and burials.
[Located in Category: Church Records]
44.  
Check for cemetery records with the church or Sexton .
[Located in Category: Church Records]